Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Remedy for Male Infertility
Male infertility (MI) is a complex multifactorial disease, and idiopathic infertility accounts for 30% of cases of MI. At present, the evidence for the effectiveness of empirical drugs is limited, and in vitro fertilization is costly and may increase the risk of birth defects and childhood cancers. Therefore, affected individuals may feel obliged to pursue natural remedies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may represent a useful option for infertile men. It has been demonstrated that TCM can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and boost the function of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. TCM can also alleviate inflammation, prevent oxidative stress, reduce the DNA fragmentation index, and modulate the proliferation and apoptosis of germ cells. Furthermore, TCM can supply trace elements and vitamins, ameliorate the microcirculation of the testis, decrease the levels of serum anti-sperm antibody, and modify epigenetic markers. However, the evidence in favor of TCM is not compelling, which has hindered the development of TCM.
Treatment of MI has been revolutionized by advances in assisted reproductive technologies, including intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and even intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, IVF and ICSI procedures are expensive and invasive. Additionally, use of IVF and/or ICSI techniques may increase the risk of birth defects and childhood cancers in offspring. Therefore, seeking effective natural remedies to increase fertility remains a major option for most people affected by infertility. In China, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used to treat MI for over 2,000 years, influencing opinion in surrounding areas and making it increasingly popular with infertility patients. Holism and syndrome differentiation are the essence and basic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Using this theory to treat myocardial infarction has achieved satisfactory results.
However, the abstraction of TCM theory and the unknown treatment mechanism of TCM have hindered the popularization of TCM and caused Western scientists to question the efficacy of TCM.
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